Link: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-07/vw-s-gains-from-cheating-to-be-considered-in-u-s-penalties

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On the announcement by the US Environmental Protection Agency that it will
consider the economic benefit VW gained when it assesses penalties:

“Remedies should match the wrongdoing,” said Erik Gordon, a professor with
the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan. When U.S.
regulators lacked statutory authority to impose higher fines on carmakers,
including General Motors Co. over flawed ignition switches, “the small
fines frustrated the public and Congress,” he said.

Bloomberg BusinessWeek:

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-07/vw-s-gains-from-cheating-to-be-considered-in-u-s-penalties

The Washington Post:

http://washpost.bloomberg.com/Story?docId=1376-NVUZTU6K50Y501-1JRSUVA8KPE7G87515AJ0GCUDG
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Erik Gordon
Ross School of Business
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan